Eurema elathea
Uncommon(?) up to 1200 m.; probably widespread and common in lowlands, especially in disturbed, grassy habitats. Puddles and visits flowers. I don't know which subspecies occurs in Cusco.
Similar species: Virtually identical to E. daira (I have no Cusco records; it may not occur) but the terminal band on male's DFW is straight in elathea, slightly bowed in daira.
Male
(950 m., Moyobamba, San Martin)
2018-Oct03
Male
(1450 m., Villa Rica, Pasco)
2011-Oct28
Female
1200 m., Quebrada Honda, Calca
2021-Sep02
Female
(350 m., Napo Ecuador)
2016-Feb05
700 m., Kuporo Lodge, Quispicanchi
2021-Aug04
(270 m., Manu Wildlife Centre, Madre de Dios)
2014-Jun24
Eurema reticulata
Uncommon 1000-3100 m., mostly above 1500 m. Puddles and visits flowers.
Similar species: HW rounder than any similar species. Note that reticulata has a black cellspot VFW, like E. salome.
1500 m., San Pedro, Paucartambo
2016-Nov12
2900 m., Marcapata, Quispicanchi
2022-Oct19
Eurema xantochlora
Fairly common 700-1500 m. Puddles and visits flowers. I don't know which subspecies occur(s) in Cusco.
Similar species: VHW not marked with orange 'cobwebbing' like E. salome or E. reticulata. V can be very similar to male E. arbela, but arbela has a more tailed HW and usually (always?) has brown markings towards VHW apex.
1050 m., Lower Manu Road, Paucartambo
2015-Nov25
(1050 m., Oventeni, Ucayali)
2013-Jul20
1700 m., Rocotal, Paucartambo
2019-Oct07
(1050 m., Oventeni, Ucayali)
2013-Jul19
Eurema arbela
Uncommon(?) up to 1150 m. Possibly found mostly in dry valleys, though probably occurs in more humid lowlands too. I don't know which subspecies occur(s) in Cusco.
Similar species: Female's strongly tailed HW is distinctive(?); male can be very similar to E. xantochlora but has a more tailed HW and usually has brown markings hear VHW apex; xantochlora also lacks black margin DHW.
Male
(180 m., Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios)
2013-Jun21
Male
(180 m., Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios)
2013-Jun21
Female
1100 m., Quebrada Honda, Calca
2021-Aug26
Female
1150 m., Quebrada Honda, Calca
2021-Aug26
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